UPSC Prelims 2024 - CSAT (Paper II)

Explanation

Assumption 1 is invalid: The passage does not assert that effective school education depends more on parents than on governments. It explores challenges within the education system and discusses the aspirations of parents and children, but it does not make a direct comparison between the roles of parents and governments in ensuring effective school education. Assumption 2 is invalid: The passage does not suggest that a uniform school curriculum conforming to today’s requirements is the solution to the educational issues highlighted. It mentions the challenges students face with basic academic competencies but does not propose a solution that involves uniform curriculum reforms. Thus, option (d) is correct.

Explanation

Option (a) is incorrect  because while eliminating poverty can positively impact various societal issues, including education, the passage does not explicitly state that eradicating poverty alone resolves the issue of under-performance in school children. The passage primarily focuses on educational challenges and the need for public policy to align competencies with expectations. Option (b) is incorrect because although monetary incentives for parents and teachers can improve academic performance, the passage does not advocate this as the primary solution for addressing under-performance in school children. It emphasizes broader systemic issues within the education system and the necessity of policy interventions Option (c) is correct because it aligns with the central idea of the passage. The passage underscores the importance of public policy in ensuring that the competencies and achievements of young people match their expectations. This is crucial for tackling the under-performance issues highlighted in the passage. Option (d) is incorrect because the passage does not explicitly suggest that India’s demographic dividend hinges on school pass-outs returning to agriculture. This option introduces a specific condition not directly related to the passage’s central theme of aligning competencies and achievements with expectations through public policy. Hence, option (c) is the correct answer.

Explanation

Option (a) is incorrect  because the passage centers on the historical perspectives of scientists such as Newton and Galileo, who perceived science primarily as the pursuit of truths without addressing societal obligations. It contrasts their views with the contemporary belief that science should also uphold social responsibility. Option (b) is incorrect  because it implies that the passage advocates using science to enhance public scientific awareness, which isn’t its primary focus. Instead, the passage examines the historical evolution during the industrial revolution regarding science’s societal responsibilities, rather than its role in promoting scientific literacy. Option (c) is incorrect because it oversimplifies the connection between the industrial revolution and scientific advancements. While the passage acknowledges the significant impact of scientific progress during that period, it also underscores the broader societal and technological changes that played crucial roles in driving the industrial revolution. Therefore, option (c) does not fully capture the complexity of factors discussed in the passage regarding this historical era. Option (d) is correct  because it aligns with the central theme of the passage. The passage contrasts early scientists who primarily sought truths with the modern perspective that emphasizes not only discovering truths but also considering the societal impact of scientific advancements and contributing to social welfare. Therefore, option (d) accurately reflects the themes discussed in the passage regarding the evolving role of science.

Explanation

The pattern used in the question is AABCD, ABBCD, ABCCD, ABCDD By filling the appropriate letters in the gaps given in the question from the above pattern, we get the required letters. They are: A, A, C, D Hence option (c) is the correct answer.

Explanation

Let P’s share in profit be X Then Q’s share in profit = X – 400 Given, total profit = ₹ 2000 ⇒ X + X – 400 = 2000 ⇒ X = 1200 So, P’s profit is ₹ 1200 Q’s profit is ₹ 800 Let P’s investment be P Q’s investment is P - 14000 (Given in the question) We know that, profit is directly proportional to investment × time P's profit Q s profit ' = ( ) ( ) P Q × × 8 800 = P P 8 14000 ( ) Solving for P, we get P = 30000 Hence, option (a) is the correct answer.