UPSC Prelims 2021 - CSAT (Paper II)

Explanation

After reading all the options, option (d) can be rejected. It is out of the scope of the passage. The demand and supply with reference to the energy decisions are not discussed in the passage. Option (c) is the second one to be eliminated. It is against the positive results discussed in the passage regarding the steps taken to improve the energy situation in the country. Thus, it does not reflect the critical message of the passage which deals with the complexities of policymaking in the energy sector and the few bright spots we have. The author has not elaborated on the connection of the energy policy with sustainable development goals. It is only one aspect of the energy policy. Option (b) is incorrect as it does not talk about functions that are involved in energy and climate policymaking. Option (a) is correct. The author is concerned about the challenges and prospects of energy and climate policy in the very first sentence of the passage. He says that problems are multiple and the mention of myriad factors like sputtering fossil fuel production capabilities, volatile global energy market and supplies etc. Hence, India’s energy decision-making process is ever more complex and interconnected.

Explanation

Option (a) is incorrect. It is not suggested in the passage about what and what not to be consumed by the people. Option (b) is incorrect. The author is concerned about the transmission of diseases from animals to human beings. He does not recommend replacing animal origin foods with plant origin foods. He only contemplates the side effects of using antibiotics for other purposes than treating disease. To ban antibiotics on animals is not a suggestion made in the passage. It only advocates the trend of minimizing the use of antibiotics on animals given their ill effects on human health. Option (c) is incorrect. Option (d) is correct. The message of the author is clear that without the use of excessive antibiotics in animal products, good results can be achieved as the case with Demark. Regular use of antibiotics creates pathogens that adapt to the salts of medicines and develop high resistance for the medicines made to kill them. From the animals, these get transferred to human beings to make them ill. But the antibiotics taken by the human beings in the medicines do not give effective results as the pathogens already have high resistance against them. This can be fatal for human beings. So, the antibiotics shall be used only for medical purposes.

Explanation

The passage only highlights that high fuel prices are leading to increasing food prices, it has not explicitly mentioned oil-producing countries being one of the reasons for high fuel prices. Statement 1 is incorrect. Statement 2 is incorrect. The author in the passage expresses the probability that a food crisis can come from the developing countries while this option seems to be definitive. So, it is not in coherence with the passage. It is an inference but not an assumption. Hence, option (d) is correct.

Explanation

The passage highlights that by theory, rising GDP improves employment and investment opportunities, and it, in turn, sets aside funds necessary for the good life. Therefore, assuming only rising GDP cannot be finalised as essential criteria for a developed country, but income redistribution also plays a critical role, as mentioned in the passage. Statement 2 is not supported by the passage. As the text nowhere mentions that rising GDP guarantees reasonable distribution to all families. Hence, option (d) is correct.

Explanation

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